Guthrie’s Proto-Bantu forms

Notes:
Column 1E = epsilon
O = open o
N = velar nasal
numbers = noun classes
DP = dependent
ny = Guthrie’s transcription for a palatal nasal
Column 3indicates a number Guthrie had tagged for apparent semantic reasons rather than phonological ones.
Column 4? = Guthrie’s (
T = tonal variation

Guthrie PB (+N.C.)

GLOSS

CS

Comment

-bá-

to be; to become

2

 

-báb-

to singe

5

 

-báb-

to sting

4

?

-bàd-

to count

9

 

-bád-

to shine

12

?

-bád-

to begin

13

?

-bád-

to speckle

18

 

-bádà 5/6

spot; speckle

18

 

-bádÈ

palmtree

21

 

-bàdÉ DP

two

22

 

-bádok-

to burst open

24

T

-bàdok-

to burst open

24

T

-bàdù 11/10

rib; side of body

30

?

-bààj-

to work wood

32

 

-bàk-

to become lit

34

 

-bàmb-

to get near; to put near

37

 

-bàmb-

to peg out

38

 

-bámbà 9/10

poisonous snake

40

?

-bámbÒ 9/10

peg

38; 44

 

-bánd-

to flatten

46

 

-bándod-

to tear off

54

?

-bánjà

courtyard

55

 

-báNg-

to open up

59

?

-bátam-

to become flat

63

?

-bé DP/14

bad/badness

97

 

-bécù DP

unripe; uncooked

102

 

-bèd-

to come to the boil

104

 

-béd-

to call out

105

 

-béd-

to announce

105

?

-béd-

to become uncooked

107

 

-bèdè 3/4

body

112

 

-bègà 9/10

pot for storage

119

 

-bék-

to announce a death

121

 

-béék-

to put

122

 

-bèNg-

to chase game

129

 

-béép-

to become bad

133

 

-bÉ DP

you sg.

64

 

-bÉÉdÈ 5/6

breast; utter

71, 72

 

-bÉÉdÈ 6

milk

73

 

-bÈdÒ 7/8

thigh

79

 

-bÉnd-

to talk

90

?

-bÉndÉ 9/10

kind of rat

91

 

-bí 6

excreta

135

 

-bíád-

to bear a child

136

 

-bídÒ

soot; dirt

144

 

-bímb-

to swell

144

 

-bìmbà

corpse

145

 

-bín-

to dance and sing

147

 

-bínà

dance with song

148

 

-bó 9/10?

mosquito

172

 

-bóà 9/10

dog

174

 

-bòÈ

stone

176

 

-bòbè 5/6

spider

178

 

-bòbè 11/10

spider’s web

178

 

-bód-

to hit and kill

184

?

-bódì 9/10

goat

185

 

-bògà 9/10

open space

190

 

-bómb-

to mould pottery

199

 

-bómbà 5

clay for pottery

200

 

-bótam-

to crouch

210

?

-bótÒ 9/10

seed

211

 

-bÓ

them

152

 

-bÒd-

to become rotten

153

 

-bÒdá 11/10

bee-sting

154

?

-bÒgà 9/10

vegetable

156

?

-bÒgÓ 9/10

buffalo

157

 

-bÓkÒ 5/6

arm

158

 

-bÒmb-

to become soft

160

 

-bÒmbÓ 3/4

forehead

163

?

-bÓn-

to see

164

 

-bÓnÒ

castor-oil bean, plant

166

 

-bú 5

soil

215

 

-búáNg-

to mix

221

 

-búè 9/10

white hair

222

 

-bùd-

to be plentiful or numerous

224

?

-búdà 9

rain

225

 

-bùdì 5/6

hair on body

226

?

-bún-

to break, to snap

230

 

-bùndod-

to stir up

232

 

-búNg-

to wrap up

234

?

-càc-

to go sour

241

 

-cààc-

to chop up

242

 

-cácÈ 9/10

spark

243

 

-càd-

to choose

245

 

-cádàkù 9/10

driver ant

251

 

-càk-

to search for; (to desire)

256

 

-càká

thicket

260

 

-càkod-

to weed

263

?

-cámbÒ

wire

268

?

-càníá 3

daylight

272

 

-càNg-

to meet with; to assemble intr.

[285]

 

-càNg-

to mix up

221, 286

 

-cáNg-

to be pleased

287

 

-càNgà 3/4

sandy island

288

 

-cáNgá

bead

291

?

-cé 9/10

ground; country

332

 

-pa-ncé

underneath

332

pa- 16

-céndé

squirrel

340

 

-cÈk-

to laugh

312

 

-cÉkÉ 3

sand

313

 

-cÈndam-

to lean (intr.) out of vertical

319

 

-cÈndek-

to lean (tr.) out of vertical

319

 

-cÈNg-

to cut off

321

 

-cíÒ 14/6

face

346

 

-cíd-

to finish; to become completed

351

 

-címbà 9/10

wildcat

355

 

-cìNg-

to rub on

358

 

-cò 6

urine

390

?

-cóá 3/4

termite

392

 

-cóá 9/10? or 11/10?

winged termite

392

 

-còb-

to skin

398

 

-códÒ 3/4

stream

406

?

-cóm-

to bite

413

?

-cóndò 3/4

leech

417

 

-cópà 9/10

calabash bottle

425

 

-cÓ

left-hand

361

 

-cÒdì 3

broth

367

 

-cÓdì

tear, see -yícÒdì

368

?

-cÒk-

to poke in; to ram in

371

 

-cÒká 5/6

axe

372

?

-cÒm-

to poke in; to insert

371, 375

 

-cÓnì 9

shame

380

 

-cÒNg-

to incite

383

 

-cÒNg-

to sharpen to a point

385

 

-cÒngà

point

386

 

-cú 9/10

fish

427

 

-cùb-

to urinate

430

?

-cùk-

to wash

435

 

-cúkò 5/6? or 11/10?

day of 24 hours

437

 

-cùNg-

to look after

441

 

-dà 6

intestines

442

 

-dà 9

abdomen

443

 

-dà DP

long

507

 

-dà 12

olden times

983

?

-dá 9/10

louse

446

 

-dá DP

that, those

448

 

-dác-

to throw at and hit

449

 

-dáád-

to lie down and sleep

454

 

-dàdá 5/6

palm-frond

457

 

-dáádek-

to invite

459

?

-dàdÒ 14/6

bridge

460

 

-dàg-

to say farewell

462

?

-dàg-

to teach

464

 

-dákà

throat

473

 

-dàm-

to get strong again

477

?

-dàm-

to stick to

478

 

-dàmat-

to stick to

478

 

-dàmod-

to settle dispute

480

 

-dàmb-

to sprawl

483

 

-dàmbadad-

to sprawl

483

 

-dànd-

to follow behind

654

 

-dàp-

to swear

503

?

-dè

to be

547

 

-dé-

to eat

550

 

-dèàt-

to tread

553

 

-déb-

to forget

556

?

-dèd-

to cry, to wail

561

 

-dèdè 14/6

bedstead

563

 

-dèm-

to cultivate

568

 

-démà 3/4

bat

570

 

-démì 11/10-

tongue

571

 

-dèmÒ 3/4

work

574

 

-dèmbÒ 14

birdlime

578

 

-dènd-

to wait

580

?

-dÈ DP

long, see -dà

507

?

-dÈbed-

to become slack

523

?

-dÈd-

to look after a child

510

 

-dÉd-

to become suspended

514

?

-dÈÈdÓ-

today

518

 

-dÈdù

beard

519

 

-dÉg-

to avoid

521

?

-dÈk-

to allow

524

 

-dÈm-

to become heavy

527

 

-dÉm-

to become lame

531

 

-dÉmad-

to become lame

531

 

-dÉmá 7/8

lame person

533

 

-dÈÈp-

to become long

507

?

-dÉÉt-

to bring

546

 

-dì 3/4

root

591

 

-dìàm-

to sink out of sight

593

 

-dìòd-

to pull up

595

 

-díóNg-

to turn round intr.

598

 

-dìb-

to stop up, to block

602

 

-dìb-

to shut

601

?

-dìbà 5/6? or 7/8?

pool

603

 

-dìdì

shivering with cold

608

 

-dìdim-

to shiver

610

 

-dígì 3/4

bark-fibre string

613

 

-dígÒ 3/4

load

614

?

-dììk-

to bury

615

 

-dím-

to become extinguished; to extinguish

617

 

-dímed-

to get lost

618

 

-dímò 3/4

spirit

619

 

-díNg-

to wind round; to surround

625

 

-dìtÒ DP

heavy

631

 

-dò-

to fight

675

 

-dóád-

to fall ill

677

 

-dòb-

to make a mistake

680

?

-dòd-

to become bitter

684

?

-dòdam-

to become straight

686

 

-dòdò 14

bitterness

688

 

-dódó 9/10

gall bladder

689

?

-dòk-

to plait

693

 

-dòk-

to name

694

?

-dók-

to vomit

695

 

-dóm-

to bite

696

 

-dómÈ 1/2

husband; man

697

 

-dómÈ DP

male

697

?

-dònd-

to amass

704

 

-dòNg-

to go straight

711

 

-dòNgod-

to become hot

719

 

-dòNgod-

to become burnt

719

?

-dòNgÒ

tribe

665

?

-dòt-

to surpass; (to pass)

1536

 

-dÓ 13

sleep

633

 

-dÓb-

to fish with line

638

 

-dÒbá 5

sticky soil

639

 

-dÓbÒ 5/6

fish-hook

640

 

-dÒÒdì 3

whistling

642

 

-dÒg-

to bewitch

644

 

-dÒgì 14

witchcraft

646

 

-dÓk-

to rain

650

 

-dÒmÒ 3/4

lip

651

 

-dÓmb-

to ask for

653

 

-dÒnd-

to follow to find

654

 

-dÒndà 7/8

sore

656

?

-dÒNg-

to pack carefully

659

?

-dÒNgà 3/4

river

662

 

-dÒNgÒ 3/4

line of objects

664

 

-dÓÓt-

to dream

672

 

-dú 5

knee

722

 

-dù-

to ooze

724

?

-dúád-

to wear

726

 

-dúék-

to clothe

728

 

-dúód-

to take off clothes

730

 

-dùb-

to fish with net or basket

731

 

-dúg-

to paddle

735

 

-dùkot-

to blow bellows

737

 

-dùm-

to roar, to rumble

740

 

-dùmbá 5/6

smell

743

 

-dùmbé 3

continuous rain

744

 

-dùndÈ

cloud

748

?

-dùt-

to pull, to tug

749

 

-gà

crack

750

?

-Ng(á)

me

751

 

-Ngá DP

how many

752

 

-gàb-

to divide; to give away

754, 755

 

-gàdam-

to lie on the back

764

 

-gàdod-

to turn tr.; to alter

759

 

-gàdok-

to come back

758

 

-gàdí

blood

766

 

-gàg-

to go bad

769

?

-gàmb-

to speak

770

 

-gàmbÒ (5/6 or 7/8)

affair

771

 

-gàn-

to think

772

?

-gànÒ

tale

776

 

-gánd-

to coagulate

777

?

-gàndá 9/10

chief’s house

780

?

-gànjà (5/6 or 7/8)

palm of hand

784

 

-gàNg-

to tie up

785

 

-gàNgà 9/10

medicine man

786

 

-gàNgà 14

medicine

787

 

-gé 5/6

egg

809

 

-gè-

to go

811

 

-gèd-

to act

813

?

-gÈd-

to try

797

 

-gÈd-

to flow

798

 

-gÈdà 7

iron

800

 

-gÈgÒ 5/6

molar tooth

802

 

-gÈnì 1/2

stranger

805

 

-gÈnd-

to walk, to travel

806

 

-gÈndÒ 11/10

journey

808

?

-gì 3/4

village

818

 

-gì 9/10

fly

819

 

-gìd-

to abstain

822

 

-gíkÒ 5/6

fireplace

828

 

-gínà 5/6

name

831

 

-gò-

to fall over

863

 

-góÉ

you sg.

868

?

-gòbÒ 9/10

skin, garment

873

?

-gòd-

to buy

876

 

-gòdò 5-

top; sky

880

 

-gòdò 11/10

hill

882

 

-gòdò 3/4

leg

884

 

-gòdòbÈ 9/10

bush-pig

888

?

-gòdòk-

to fly

889

?

-gòdÒ 5

yesterday

878

 

-gòmbà

barren woman

894

 

-gòndà 3/4

garden

897

 

-gÒ 9/10

leopard

834

 

-gÒdí

string

839

 

-gÒdod

straighten

843

 

-gÒdù 9

strength

890

 

-gÒmà 9/10

drum

844

 

-gÒmbÈ 9/10

cattle

849

 

-gÒn-

to snore

852

 

-gÒNgÒ 3/4

back of body

858

 

-gÒNgÒdÓ

millipede

859

 

-gúé 3/4

arrow

903

?

-gùbà 3

bellows

905

?

-gùbó 9/10

hippopotamus

908

 

-já 9

outside

915

 

-jàbok-

to cross river

916

 

-jàdà 5/6

hunger; (famine)

917

 

-jèdà 9/10

path

940

 

-jó 9/10

house

953

 

-jóì 5/6

voice

954

 

-jóbà 5

sun

955

 

-jódò 5/6

nose

960

 

-jÒÒdì 9/10

dream

950

 

-jÒgù 9/10

elephant

951

 

-kádà 5/6

ember

980

 

-kádà 6

charcoal

980

 

-kádá

crab

981

 

-kádè 14

fierceness

984

 

-kádì

woman; wife

986

 

-kàg-

to use medicine

990

?

-kákà 9/10

anteater

991

 

-kám-

to squeeze; to milk

995

 

-kám-

to dry up

966

?

-kámod-

to wring

995

 

-káán-

to refuse request

999

 

-kándà

skin (human? or animal?)

1003

 

-kándà

strap

1004

?

-káNg-

to fry; to roast

1009

 

-káNgà 9/10

guinea-fowl

1010

 

-kápí 9/10

paddle

1014

 

-kátà 9/10

headpad

1016

 

-kàté

inside

1018

 

-ké-

to dawn

1047

 

-kédà 3/4

tail

1053

 

-kéék-

to put across

1056

 

-kémà 9/10

monkey

1058

 

-kémb-

to wander about

1060

?

-kén-

to dance spontaneously

147, 1063

 

-kéNg-

to protect by screening

1068

 

-két-

to do

1071

 

-kÉ DP

small

1023

 

-kÉb-

to look out at

1025

 

-kÉb-

to look round

1027

?

-kÈd-

to cut

1029

 

-kÉd-

to strain liquids

1030

 

-kÈk-

to cut with sawing motion

1033

 

-kÉm-

to grunt with effort

1037

 

-kÉn-

to show the teeth

1038

?

-kÉÉP-

to become small

1023

 

-kíá 9/10

antelope, duiker

1075

 

-kìd-

to grind

1076

 

-kígÉ 9/10

eyebrow

1079

 

-kímà 9/10

mush

1081

 

-kínd-

to press down

1083

?

-kíndÒ 3/4?

footfall

1085

 

-kíNgÒ 9/10

neck

1086

 

-kìpà 3/4

vein; tendon

1087

 

-kòá 7/8

yam

1166

?

-kòàdé 9/10

partridge

1169

 

-kóát-

to seize

1172

 

-kóÉd-

to go up

1176

 

-kób-

to hit

1182

 

-kòcò 9/10

grey parrot

1187

 

-kòd-

to scrape off

1189

 

-kód-

to grow up

1190

 

-kóód-

to pull out

1191

?

-kódò DP

old

1197

 

-kódò 1/2/14

old person/old age

1197

 

-kókó 9/10

chicken

1203

 

-kókod-

to clear away

1205

 

-kókot-

to crunch, to gnaw

1206

 

-kómì 5/6

ten

1208

 

-kónì 11/10

piece of firewood

1218

 

-kóndá 9/10

domestic pigeon

1221

 

-kóndÈ (10)

edible beans

1222

 

-kóndó

anus

1224

?

-kóNg-

to gather up

1227

 

-kóNgá

eel

1228

?

-kòNgó 11

dust

1230

 

-kópá 9/10

tick

1236

 

-kóy-

to cry out

1245

 

-kóyó 3/4

fig-tree

1246

 

-kÓ 1/2

relative by marriage

1092

 

-kÒb-

to hook up

1094

 

-kÓbà

skin (human? animal?)

1095

 

-kÓbú 5/6

navel

1098

 

-kÓc-

to cough

1100

?

-kÓd-

to become strong

1104

 

-kÓdo-

to become intoxicated

1107

 

-kÓdá 9/10

snail

1109

 

-kÓdÈ

captive

1110

?

-kÓdì

hawk in general

1111

 

-kÓdÒ

breastbone

1115

 

-kÓk-

to drag along

*749

 

-kÓkÒ 11/10

crust

1125

 

-kÓkòdà

elbow

1130

 

-kÓm

hit with hammer

1133

 

-kÒndÈ 5/6

banana

1144

 

-kÓny-

to fold

1149

 

-kÒtam-

to become bent with age

1160

?

-kÒtì 5/6

nape of neck

1162

 

-kÒtok-

to go home from work

1164

?

-kú 1/2/11

dead person/death

1247, 1248

 

-kú-

to die

1249

 

-kúá 5/6

inheritance

1253

 

-kúdò 9/10-

tortoise

1259

 

-kúkam-

to kneel

1261

 

-kúmù 9/10

chief

1265

 

-kúmbat-

to hold in arm or hand

1267

 

-kúpà 5/6

bone

1273

 

-kúpé DP

short

1274

 

-kúpé 14

shortness

1274

?

-kútà 6

oil

1278

 

-màd-

to finish

1281

 

-mààmá 1a/2

mother

1282

?

-mÈ

dew

1290

 

-mÈd-

to sprout, to grow

1293

 

-mìd-

to swallow

1306

 

-mìdà 6

nasal mucus

1308

 

-mòàg-

to scatter

1323

 

-mòdek-

to shine in the dark

1330

 

-mÓ DP

one

1314

 

-nà DP

four

1335

 

-nàmà 7/8

upper leg of animal

1339

?

-nÈÈ DP

four, see -nà

 

?

-nÈnà 7/8

abdomen below the navel

1348

?

-nÉnÈ DP

big

1350

 

-nÉnEp-

to become big

1351

?

-nì-

to defecate

1355

 

-nìàt-

to tread, see -dèàt-

 

?

-níÓNg-

to twist rigid thing

1360

 

-níìní DP

small, see -kÉ

   

-nòÈ 3/4

finger

1372

 

-nòn-

to becomefat

1370

 

-nú 7/8

mortar for pounding

1377

?

-nú-

to drink

1378

 

-nùà

mouth

1379

 

-nùNk-

to smell intr.

1386

 

-nyÉnyÈdí 9/10

star

1983

?

-nyÓkà 9/10

snake

2112

 

-nyÒkÒ 1a/2

your (sg.) mother

1395

 

-pá-

to give

1404

 

-pàc-

to separate

1406

 

-pácà 5/6

twin

1407

 

-pád-

to scrape

1409

 

-pádá 9/10

impala antelope

1411

 

-pádá 11

baldness

1412

?

-pádÈ

polygamy

1413

?

-pàdí

foot of animal

1416

?

-pák-

to pack

1418

 

-pákam-

to become jammed

1421

?

-pákat-

to hold a child

1422

?

-pákek-

to hang up

1423

?

-pákod-

to take out from container

1427

 

-pàkÒ 9/10

tree hollow

1425

 

-pám-

to shout

1429

 

-pànd-

to split tr.

1433

 

-pándà

fork in road or tree

1435

 

-pàNg-

to plan

1439

?

-páNg-

to make

1440

 

-pàNgan-

to agree

1444

?

-pàp-

to flap wings

1447

 

-pàpá 5/6

wing

1450

 

-pát-

to hold

1453

 

-pát-

to become jammed

1454

 

-pé DP

which

1498

 

-pé 11/10?

slap

1501

 

-pé-

to become burnt

1502

 

-péà DP

new

1505

 

-péà

fire

1508

 

-pédè

puff-adder

1513

 

-pénì 3/4

handle, haft

1521

 

-pèndod-

to turn over tr.

1529

?

-pèndok-

to turn over intr.

1529

?

-pèNgó 9/10

fetish, charm

1534

 

-pét-

to pass

1536

 

-pÉd-

to become finished, to peter out

1459

?

-pÈdÈ 11/10? or 14/6?

the itch

1461

 

-pÈÈm-

to breathe hard

1468

 

-pÉmbà 9

white clay

1474

 

-pÈn-

to flash, as lightning

1479

 

-pÉpok-

to become light in weight

1494

 

-pÉpÒ 9/10

cold wind

1492

 

-pÈt-

to bend

1495

 

-pÉtÉ

ring

1497

 

-píÒ 9 or 10

cold

1541

?

-píc-

to hide

1546

?

-pígà 5/6

cooking-stone

1548

 

-pígÒ 9/10

kidney

1549

 

-pìk-

to arrive

1550

 

-pìn-

to squeeze, especially with fingers

1552

 

-pínà 6

pus

1547

 

-píNg-

to curse

1557

?

-píp-

to suck out

1559

 

-pììpí

darkness

1561

?

-pó-

to cease

1584

 

-pó-

to dry up

1584

?

-pòd-

to strip off (leaves or skin)

1588

 

-pòká

insect

1596

?

-pókò 9/10

rat

1597

 

-póóm-

to breathe; to rest

1600

 

-pòNg-

to winnow by fanning

1601

?

-póNgò

kind of eagle

1603

 

-pòòp-

to blow, as wind

1489

 

-pótÉ 5/6

boil, carbuncle

1609

 

-pÓd-

to become cold, to cool down

1564

 

-pÓd-

to become cured

1565

 

-pÒkù 9/10

blind person

1573

 

-pÓn-

to fall from a height

1576

 

-pÓt-

to twist (soft thing)

1360

 

-pù 5/6

stomach

1610

 

-pú-

to become fitting

1611

 

-púán-

to resemble each other

1612

 

-púd-

to blow with the mouth

1613

 

-púdÒ 5

foam

1615

 

-pùk-

to dig up, to fling up (earth)

1618

 

-púm-

to come (or go) out or away

1622

 

-tá 8

war

1630

 

-tá 14/6

bow

1631

 

-tàbè 3/4?

branch

1636

 

-tádà 7/8?

platform

1640

 

-tádÈ 14

iron-stone

1642

 

-tág-

to throw

1647

?

-tákÒ 5/6

buttock

1650

 

-tákun-

to chew

1651

 

-támà 5/6

cheek

1652

 

-támb-

to take; to receive

1656

 

-támb-

to call to

1654

?

-támb-

to walk

1657

?

-támbÒ 3/4

trap

1661

 

-táánÒ DP

five

1662

 

-tànd-

to spread tr.; to strew

1663

 

-táp-

to draw from a container

1681

 

-tààtá 1a/2

father

1686

 

-tátò DP

three

1689

 

-tè

that, namely

1727

 

-té 3/4

tree

1729

 

-té 3

herbal remedy

1730

 

-téáb-

to gather firewood

1735

 

-témà 3/4

heart

1738

 

-tén-

to cut in two

1740

 

-téén-

to run away through fear

1741

 

-tÉ 6

spittle

1690

 

-tÈded-

to slip

1693

 

-tÉdek-

to put in pot over fire

1695

 

-tÉg-

to set (trap)

1698

 

-tÉk-

to draw from a source

1700

 

-tÉm-

to cut down

1703, 1705

?

-tÈÈm-

to burn

1704

?

-tÉmÒ

axe

1705

?

-tÈÈt-

to cut

305

 

-tÈtÈ 3/4

hamper

1722

?

-tÉtÈ 5/6

reed

1723

 

-tÈtEm-

to shake intr.

1726

 

-tíg-

to leave

1746

 

-tígad-

to remain

1747

 

-tíkà 6

cold weather

1748

?

-tíkò 14/6

night

1750

 

-tím-

to dig

1752

 

-tímá 7/8

well

1753

 

-tínà 5/6

base of tree-trunk

1756

 

-tínd-

to push

1758

 

-tíndÉ

stubble; clod

1759

 

-tíndí

heel

1713

?

-títò 3/4

forest patch

1765

 

-ntò 1/2

person

1798

 

-tó 3/4

head

1800

 

-tó 5/6

ear

1801

 

-tó-

to pound in a mortar

1802

 

-tó-

to become sharp

1803

?

-tóá 1/2

pigmy

1804

 

-tóád-

to carry on the head

1806

 

-tóék-

to put up a load on another

1806

 

-tób-

to pierce

1814

 

-tóód-

to put down a load

1806

 

-tók-

to abuse

1827

 

-tòkot-

to perspire

1829

?

-tóm-

to send

1831

 

-tòmbod-

to cut open

1836

 

-tón-

to deny

1000

 

-tòndà 9/10

heap, mound

1841

?

-tóndò

basket

1844

?

-tóNg-

to thread on string

1846

 

-tót-

to carry and heap up

1851

 

-tòtom-

to boil over

1854

?

-tÓÓd-

to pick up

1773

 

-tÒk-

to boil up

1777

 

-tÒkÒt-

to boil up

1777

 

-tÓn-

to drip

1783

 

-tÓNg-

to crow

1793

?

-tú-

to spit

1857

 

-túd-

to forge

1861

 

-túúdì 5/6? or 7/8?

shoulder

1862

 

-túm-

to sew

1865

 

-túNg-

to tie up

785*

 

-tùngÒ 9/10

civet-cat

1878

?

-yác-

to open (the mouth)

1889

 

-yàd-

to spread out (sleeping mat)

1663

 

-yádá 10/11?

fingernail

1894

 

-yàdé 1/2

girl at puberty

1895

 

-yàdim-

to borrow

1899

?

-yákà 3/4

year

1904

 

-yám-

to suck the breast

1908

 

-yám-

to shout, see *-pám-

 

?

-yàmà 9/10

animal

1909

 

-yàmà 9

meat

1910

 

-yàmbok-

to spread, as disease

1916

 

-yánà 1/2

child

1922

 

-yánèk-

to spread to dry

1924

 

-yánì

leaf; grass

1928

 

-yànd-

to spread, as vine

492, 1931

 

-yáNg-

to dance about

1936

?

-yàNk-

to answer

 

?

-yápà

armpit

1171

 

-yát-

to split tr.

1946

 

-yátè 9/10

buffalo

1947

 

-yátÒ 14/6

canoe

1949

 

-yáyod-

to yawn

1952

?

-yáyò 3

yawn

1952

?

-yég-

to learn

1994

?

-yégá 11/10

horn

1998

 

-yém-

to stand

2006

 

-yémb-

to sing

2009

 

-yémbÒ 11/10

song

2010

 

-yèná

pit

2013

 

-yét-

to call by name

2017

 

-yétab-

to answer a call

2018

?

-yÉ

him, her

1954

 

-yÉd-

to become white

1958

 

-yÈdÉ 3/4

knife

1962

?

-yÉdì 3?

moonlight

1964

 

-yÉdì 3/4

moon, month

1965

 

-yÉdò DP

white

1966

 

-yÉgam-

to lean against support intr./tr.

319*

 

-yÉgek-

to lean against support intr./tr.

319*

 

-yÉnÉ Dp

self; same

1970

 

-yÉnjÉ

cricket

1981

 

-yÈp-

to avoid

521*, 1986

?

-yíb

steal

2020

 

-yíbà 3/4

thorn

2021

 

-yíbì 1/2

thief

2025

 

-yìcÉ 1a/2

his father

2029

?

-yìcÓ

your sg. father

2029

?

-yícÒ 5/6

eye

2030

 

-yícÒdì 5/6

tear from eye

368

 

-yíd-

to get dark

2033

 

-yídèmà 3

darkness

2034

?

-yídò DP

black

2037

 

-yígu-

to hear

2043

 

-yìj-

to come

2045

 

-yíjad-

to become full

2047

 

-yíjeb-

to know

938

 

-yíjókódò 1/2

grandchild

2050

?

-yìkad-

to dwell

2052

 

-yíkot-

to become satiated

2057

 

-yìkÒ 3/4

ladle

2005

 

-yím-

to refuse to give

2058

 

-yìmà 9

back, rear

2060

 

-yímet-

to become pregnant

2062

?

-yìmok-

to rise up

2064

?

-yín-

to dip

2067

 

-yínà

name, see -gínà

 

?

-yìnam-

to bend over intr.

2069

 

-yínÈ 1/2

owner

2070

 

-yínó

you pl.

2074

 

-yínÒ 5/6-

tooth

2073

 

-yìncè 3/4

pestle

2076

 

-yíncè 3/4

daytime

329

 

-yíNgè DP

many

2082

 

-yíNged-

to come (or go) in

2083

 

-yíNk-

to give

2085

?

-yìpag-

to kill

2087

 

-yìpek-

to cook, to stew

2089

 

-yìt-

to pour

2094

 

-yító

us

2097

 

-yòdá 7/8

frog

2150

?

-yókè 9/10

bee

2156

 

-yókè 14

honey

2157

 

-yókì 3

smoke

2158

 

-yóm-

to become dry and hard

2161

 

-yómà 7/8

thing of value

2164

 

-yóman-

to quarrel

2165

 

-yòndÒ 9/10

hammer

2171

 

-yòNgó 9/10

cooking pot

2173

 

-yÓg-

to bathe

2107

 

-yÒgà 14

mushroom

2108

 

-yÓkà 9/10

snake, see -nyÓkà

   

-yÓke-

to roast; to burn

2111

 

-yÓmà 14

fear

2103

 

-yÓn-

to spoil tr.

2119

 

-yÒnì

bird

2121

 

-yÓncÈ DP

all

2123

 

-yÓnd-

to become emaciated

2125

?

-yÒNgÓ 14

brain

2133

 

-yÓt-

to warm oneself

2136

 

-yÓtà

thirst

2137

 

-yòyá

fur

2141

 

-yÒyÒ 3

life

2144